According to Crenshaw, there are three forms of intersectionality: structural, political, and representational intersectionality. [17], As articulated by author bell hooks, the emergence of intersectionality "challenged the notion that 'gender' was the primary factor determining a woman's fate". 2. I found certain sections very useful, such as the discussion of the 'pipeline' analogy in widening access to STEM education. Marketplace. We are all a massive tangle of intersectional identities that are relevant or irrelevant depending on the circumstance and context. Health care workers and personal care attendants perpetrate abuse in these circumstances, and women with disabilities have fewer options for escaping the abusive situation. [45] Collins has located the origins of intersectionality among black feminists, Chicana and other Latina feminists, indigenous feminists and Asian American feminists in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, and noted the existence of intellectuals at other times and in other places who discussed similar ideas about the interaction of different forms of inequality, such as Stuart Hall and the cultural studies movement, Nira Yuval-Davis, Anna Julia Cooper and Ida B. [43], The ideas behind intersectional feminism existed long before the term was coined. This book has several distinctives in its thorough treatment of intersectionality: (1) the authors define intersectionality as both theory and praxis; (2) they recognize it as an approach that is not limited to academic scholarship but that is also grounded in activism by women of color globally; (3) they honor the pivotal role that Kim. Sociologist Patricia Hill Collins coined the concept matrix of domination in her book Black Feminist Thought to describe four interrelated domains organize power relations in society. These women include Beverly Guy-Sheftall and her fellow contributors to Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, a collection of articles describing the multiple oppressions black women in America have experienced from the 1830s to contemporary times. ", "What Does Intersectional Feminsim Actually Mean? Intersectionality offers “a framework for explaining how social divisions of race, gender, age, and citizenship status, among others, positions people differently in the world, especially in relation to global social inequality.” Zillah Eisenstein says Capital is intersectional as well. [12] Critics have characterized the framework as ambiguous and lacking defined goals. Many black, Latina, and Asian writers featured in the collection stress how their sexuality interacts with their race and gender to inform their perspectives. [56]:S18 She later notes that self-valuation and self-definition are two ways of resisting oppression, and claims the practice of self-awareness helps to preserve the self-esteem of the group that is being oppressed while allowing them to avoid any dehumanizing outside influences. For example, Deborah K. King published the article "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology" in 1988, just before Crenshaw coined the term intersectionality. Sojourner Truth's 1851 "Ain't I a Woman?" [56]:S14 This relates to the specific experiences to which people are subjected as they move from a common cultural world (i.e., family) to that of modern society. She noted that as second-wave feminism receded in the 1980s, feminists of color such as Audre Lorde, Gloria E. Anzaldúa and Angela Davis entered academic environments and brought their perspectives to their scholarship. [9] Intersectionality engages in similar themes as triple oppression, which is the oppression associated with being a poor and/or immigrant woman of color. "[64] One could apply the intersectionality framework analysis to various areas where race, class, gender, sexuality and ability are affected by policies, procedures, practices, and laws in "context-specific inquiries, including, for example, analyzing the multiple ways that race and gender interact with class in the labor market; interrogating the ways that states constitute regulatory regimes of identity, reproduction, and family formation";[67] and examining the inequities in "the power relations [of the intersectionality] of whiteness ... [where] the denial of power and privilege ... of whiteness, and middle-classness", while not addressing "the role of power it wields in social relations". [71] This lack of homogeneity and intersecting identities can be seen through feminism in India, which goes over how women in India practice feminism within social structures and the continuing effects of colonization that differ from that of Western and other non-Western countries. No one is ever just a man or woman, white or black. The result is "the sense of being neither" exclusively one identity nor another. In Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory Patricia Hill Collins offers a set of analytical tools for those wishing to develop intersectionality's capability to theorize social inequality in ways that would facilitate social change. [51], Similarly, Intersectional theorists like Vrushali Patil argue that intersectionality ought to recognize transborder constructions of racial and cultural hierarchies. I find a great deal of insight in Foucault (like Society Must Be Defended) but a few things have always bothered me…such as in Discipline and Punish where in charting the history of … Continue reading Patricia Hill Collins: Domains of … Collins is the recipient of … To put the concept into practicable terms, consider an African-American lesbian woman. Representational intersectionality also highlights the importance of women of color having representation in media and contemporary settings. 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With Intersectionality, Patricia Hill Collins and Sirma Bilge have provided a handy explanation of the theory’s foundational concepts.In accessible language they sketch the history of intersectional thought, provide helpful definitions of its concepts, explain the main debates within intersectionality to outsiders, and competently elucidate the topics with which … 20 Hill Collins, P. Investig.Fem (Rev.)